GZMA Gene Summary [Human]
Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells share the remarkable ability to recognize, bind, and lyse specific target cells. They are thought to protect their host by lysing cells bearing on their surface 'nonself' antigens, usually peptides or proteins resulting from infection by intracellular pathogens. The protein described here is a T cell- and natural killer cell-specific serine protease that may function as a common component necessary for lysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GZMA |
| Official Name | granzyme A [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4708] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000145649 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | granzyme A, CTL tryptase, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase-3, Hanukah factor serine protease), granzyme 1 |
| Synonyms | CTLA3, GRANZYME A, Grz a, Hf, Hf1, H factor, HFSP, SE1, TSP-1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GZMA often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- Trypsin-like serine protease
- serine endopeptidase
- trypsin
- Tryp_SPc
- serine-type peptidase
- granzyme A
- peptidase
- active site
- protein homodimerization
- Domain of unknown function (DUF1986)
- protein binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the GZMA gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- neoplasia
- epithelial cancer
- septic shock
- diabetic nephropathy
- preeclampsia
- endometriosis
- adenoid cystic carcinoma
- adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma
- head and neck squamous cell cancer
- prostate cancer
role in cell
- synthesis in
- cell viability
- cell death
- apoptosis
- expression in
- activation in
- phosphorylation in
- molecular cleavage in
- damage in
- activity
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular space
- Nucleus
- Plasma Membrane
- endosomes
- immunological synapses
- granules
- cytotoxic granule
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GZMA gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of DNA binding
- negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity
- response to bacterium
- immune response
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- apoptotic process
- killing of cells of other organism
- pyroptosis
- negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
- protein maturation
- proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- cytoplasm
- immunological synapse
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein binding
- protein homodimerization activity
- serine-type endopeptidase activity