PARP1 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a chromatin-associated enzyme, poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, which modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. In addition, this enzyme may be the site of mutation in Fanconi anemia, and may participate in the pathophysiology of type I diabetes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Processed Transcript |
| Official Symbol | PARP1 |
| Official Name | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:270] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000143799 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 |
| Synonyms | 5830444G22Rik, Adprp, Adprp1, ADPRT, ADPRT 1, ARTD1, msPARP, pADPRT-1, PARP, PARS, POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE 1, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1, Poly-PARP, PPOL, sPARP-1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human PARP1 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- SMAD binding
- regulatory domain
- caspase cleavage site
- Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, regulatory domain
- transcription factor binding
- chromatin binding
- enzyme
- estrogen receptor binding
- ADP_ribosyl
- enzyme activator activity
- identical protein binding
- zinc ion binding
- BRCA1 C Terminus (BRCT) domain
- Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-Ligase Zn-finger region
- breast cancer carboxy-terminal domain
- BRCT-like domain
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- BRCT
- activation domain
- protein kinase binding
- DNA binding domain
- catalytic domain
- NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase
- BRCA1-binding domain
- Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase catalytic domain
- enzyme binding
- histone deacetylase binding
- protein binding
- WGR domain
- DNA binding
- NAD or NADH binding
- automodification domain
- binding protein
- damaged DNA binding
- pentosyltransferase
- protein homodimerization
- zinc finger domain
- Nad plus binding domain
- PADR1 (NUC008) domain
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the PARP1 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Apoptosis Signaling
- BER pathway
- Death Receptor Signaling
- DNA Double-Strand Break Repair by Non-Homologous End Joining
- Granzyme A Signaling
- Granzyme B Signaling
- RAR Activation
- Retinoic acid Mediated Apoptosis Signaling
- Role of Oct4 in Mammalian Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency
- Sirtuin Signaling Pathway
- UVA-Induced MAPK Signaling
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- hepatic steatosis
- epithelial cancer
- cancer
- neoplasia
- endometrioid endometrial cancer
- endometrial carcinoma
- mammary neoplasm
- edema
- cardiac hypertrophy
- organismal death
role in cell
- proliferation
- production in
- recruitment
- activation
- apoptosis
- phosphorylation in
- activation in
- expression in
- number
- binding
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- soluble fraction
- membrane fraction
- insoluble fractions
- detergent resistant lipid raft fraction
- Cytoplasm
- perinuclear region
- Plasma Membrane
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- nucleoplasm
- nucleoli
- nuclear bodies
- nuclear envelope
- cellular protrusions
- centromeres
- chromatin
- replication fork
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human PARP1 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- DNA repair
- mitochondrial DNA repair
- protein modification process
- negative regulation of ATP biosynthetic process
- DNA ADP-ribosylation
- transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade
- signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression
- transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- decidualization
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- negative regulation of innate immune response
- positive regulation of necroptosis
- double-strand break repair
- cellular response to insulin stimulus
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- cellular response to zinc ion
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- carbohydrate biosynthetic process
- apoptotic process
- regulation of catalytic activity
- cellular response to UV
- positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy
- positive regulation of mitochondrial depolarization
- positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
- response to gamma radiation
- positive regulation of transcription elongation, DNA-dependent
- replication fork reversal
- macrophage differentiation
- positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
- negative regulation of transcription elongation from RNA polymerase II promoter
- regulation of protein localization
- mitochondrial DNA metabolic process
- telomere maintenance
- response to DNA damage stimulus
- mitochondrion organization
- regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep
- protein localization to chromatin
- innate immune response
- positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway
- cellular response to oxidative stress
- protein poly-ADP-ribosylation
- protein autoprocessing
- protein auto-ADP-ribosylation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nuclear body
- site of double-strand break
- nuclear replication fork
- nucleolus
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
- nuclear envelope
- chromosome, telomeric region
- nucleus
- transcription factor complex
- membrane
- mitochondrion
- protein-DNA complex
- cytosol
- macromolecular complex
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein kinase binding
- zinc ion binding
- nucleotidyltransferase activity
- identical protein binding
- protein homodimerization activity
- histone deacetylase binding
- nucleosome binding
- chromatin binding
- damaged DNA binding
- NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
- DNA binding
- ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- RNA binding
- protein binding
- NAD binding
- R-SMAD binding
- estrogen receptor binding
- enzyme binding