PTPN1 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is the founding member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, which was isolated and identified based on its enzymatic activity and amino acid sequence. PTPs catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphate monoesters specifically on tyrosine residues. Members of the PTP family share a highly conserved catalytic motif, which is essential for the catalytic activity. PTPs are known to be signaling molecules that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, mitotic cycle, and oncogenic transformation. This PTP has been shown to act as a negative regulator of insulin signaling by dephosphorylating the phosphotryosine residues of insulin receptor kinase. This PTP was also reported to dephosphorylate epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, as well as JAK2 and TYK2 kinases, which implicated the role of this PTP in cell growth control, and cell response to interferon stimulation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | PTPN1 |
| Official Name | protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9642] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000196396 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 |
| Synonyms | protein-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1, protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1, Ptp, PTP-1B, PTP1B alpha, PTP1BB, PTP1B α, Ptpase 1, PTPASE 1B, PTP-HA2 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human PTPN1 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- insulin receptor binding
- Akt phosphorylation site
- protein kinase binding
- protein-tyrosine-phoshatase
- COP1 binding motif
- catalytic domain
- protein phosphatase binding
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase, catalytic domain
- enzyme binding
- ephrin receptor binding
- PTP_DSP_cys
- protein binding
- receptor binding
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase, catalytic domain motif
- Sh3 domain binding motif
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase, catalytic domain, undefined specificity
- Protein-tyrosine phosphatase
- zinc ion binding
- receptor tyrosine kinase binding
- phosphatase
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the PTPN1 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- rheumatoid arthritis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- cancer
- epithelial neoplasia
- epithelial cancer
- neoplastic cell transformation
- diabetes mellitus
- obesity
- experimentally-induced diabetes
- impaired glucose tolerance
role in cell
- phosphorylation in
- tyrosine phosphorylation in
- apoptosis
- migration
- growth
- proliferation
- survival
- degradation in
- activation in
- expression in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- glutaminergic synapse
- endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria contact site
- perinuclear region
- postsynaptic region
- cellular membrane
- Plasma Membrane
- endosomes
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Mitochondria
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- mitochondrial cristae
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial inner membrane
- early endosomes
- membrane rafts
- sorting endosomes
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human PTPN1 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway
- positive regulation of JUN kinase activity
- negative regulation of MAP kinase activity
- insulin receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity
- platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway
- protein dephosphorylation
- regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
- insulin receptor recycling
- regulation of signal transduction
- negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of signal transduction
- positive regulation of receptor catabolic process
- endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response
- negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway
- cellular response to unfolded protein
- regulation of intracellular protein transport
- regulation of endocytosis
- actin cytoskeleton organization
- peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- early endosome
- cytoplasm
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial crista
- endosome lumen
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum
- macromolecular complex
- plasma membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- protein kinase binding
- zinc ion binding
- ephrin receptor binding
- insulin receptor binding
- protein binding
- RNA binding
- non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
- protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
- cadherin binding
- receptor tyrosine kinase binding
- protein phosphatase 2A binding
- enzyme binding