Apoe Gene Summary [Mouse]
This gene encodes a member of the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family of proteins. This protein is involved in the transport of lipoproteins in the blood. It binds to a specific liver and peripheral cell receptor, and is essential for the normal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein constituents. Homozygous knockout mice for this gene accumulate high levels of cholesterol in the blood and develop atherosclerosis. Different alleles of this gene have been associated with either increased risk or a protective effect for Alzheimer's disease in human patients. This gene maps to chromosome 7 in a cluster with the related apolipoprotein C1, C2 and C4 genes. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | Apoe |
| Official Name | apolipoprotein E [Source:MGI Symbol;Acc:MGI:88057] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSMUSG00000002985 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | apolipoprotein E |
| Synonyms | AD2, APOEA, Apolipoprotein E, LDLCQ5, LPG |
| Species | Mouse, Mus musculus |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in mouse Apoe often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- protein dimerization
- lipoprotein binding domain
- lipid binding domain
- LDL receptor binding domain
- heparin binding domain
- antioxidant enzyme
- enzyme activator activity
- identical protein binding
- receptor binding domain
- amyloid beta binding domain
- tau protein binding
- phospholipid binding
- lipid binding
- enzyme binding
- protein binding
- receptor binding
- low-density lipoprotein receptor binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- hydroxyapatite binding
- metal chelating protein
- lipid transporter
- binding protein
- protein homodimerization
- receptor agonist activity
- structural molecule
- Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E domain
- glycosylation site
- heparin binding
- transporter
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the Apoe gene in mouse plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Atherosclerosis Signaling
- Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis Signaling
- FXR/RXR Activation
- IL-12 Signaling and Production in Macrophages
- LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function
- LXR/RXR Activation
- Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) Signaling
- Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages
- Reelin Signaling in Neurons
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- breast cancer
- liver disease
- peripheral arterial disease
- cancer
- dermatological disorder
- psoriasis
- delirium
- pain
- dry eye
- neoplasia
phenotypes
- abnormal glucose homeostasis
- abnormal tooth morphology
- decreased circulating glucose level
- decreased circulating serum albumin level
- decreased circulating sodium level
- increased circulating HDL cholesterol level
- increased circulating LDL cholesterol level
- increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level
- increased circulating bilirubin level
- increased circulating cholesterol level
- increased circulating free fatty acid level
- increased circulating triglyceride level
- increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
- increased total body fat amount
- abnormal B cell activation
- abnormal Bruch membrane morphology
- abnormal CD4-positive alpha beta T cell number
- abnormal T cell number
- abnormal adrenal cortex morphology
- abnormal adrenal gland morphology
- abnormal adrenal medulla morphology
- abnormal aorta wall morphology
- abnormal astrocyte physiology
- abnormal basilar membrane morphology
- abnormal blood flow velocity
- abnormal blood vessel physiology
- abnormal blood-brain barrier function
- abnormal bone structure
- abnormal brain morphology
- abnormal cell-mediated immunity
- abnormal cerebral cortex morphology
- abnormal cholesterol homeostasis
- abnormal circulating LDL cholesterol level
- abnormal circulating cholesterol level
- abnormal circulating lipid level
- abnormal circulating protein level
- abnormal cochlea morphology
- abnormal dendrite morphology
- abnormal dendritic cell physiology
- abnormal digestive system physiology
- abnormal enzyme/coenzyme activity
- abnormal epididymal fat pad morphology
- abnormal eye electrophysiology
- abnormal fat cell morphology
- abnormal gland physiology
- abnormal hippocampus morphology
- abnormal immune serum protein physiology
- abnormal immune system morphology
- abnormal immune system physiology
- abnormal kidney arterial blood vessel morphology
- abnormal kindling response
- abnormal lipid homeostasis
- abnormal lipid level
- abnormal liver physiology
- abnormal locomotor behavior
- abnormal lung hysteresivity
- abnormal lung volume
- abnormal myelin sheath morphology
- abnormal neuron morphology
- abnormal nursing
- abnormal osteoblast physiology
- abnormal phospholipid level
- abnormal plasma membrane morphology
- abnormal postnatal growth
- abnormal pulmonary alveolus morphology
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
- abnormal response to infection
- abnormal response to new environment
- abnormal retinal inner nuclear layer morphology
- abnormal retinal pigment epithelium morphology
- abnormal sciatic nerve morphology
- abnormal skeleton physiology
- abnormal spatial learning
- abnormal spatial reference memory
- abnormal spatial working memory
- abnormal spiral modiolar artery morphology
- abnormal stria vascularis morphology
- abnormal synapse morphology
- abnormal synaptic vesicle morphology
- abnormal tectorial membrane morphology
- abnormal thermal nociception
- abnormal triglyceride level
- alopecia
- altered response to CNS ischemic injury
- altered susceptibility to atherosclerosis
- amyloid beta deposits
- arteriosclerosis
- atherosclerotic lesions
- cardiac hypertrophy
- cochlear ganglion degeneration
- cochlear inner hair cell degeneration
- cochlear outer hair cell degeneration
- corneal opacity
- deafness
- decreased body length
- decreased body weight
- decreased brain cholesterol level
- decreased brown adipose tissue mass
- decreased cerebral infarction size
- decreased circulating HDL cholesterol level
- decreased circulating LDL cholesterol level
- decreased circulating VLDL cholesterol level
- decreased circulating VLDL triglyceride level
- decreased circulating cholesterol level
- decreased circulating homocysteine level
- decreased circulating leptin level
- decreased circulating triglyceride level
- decreased epididymal fat pad weight
- decreased exploration in new environment
- decreased follicular B cell number
- decreased hematocrit
- decreased interferon-gamma secretion
- decreased interleukin-6 secretion
- decreased marginal zone B cell number
- decreased startle reflex
- decreased susceptibility to atherosclerosis
- decreased susceptibility to type IV hypersensitivity reaction
- decreased systemic vascular resistance
- decreased tumor necrosis factor secretion
- decreased vasodilation
- decreased vertical activity
- dilated glomerular capillary
- expanded mesangial matrix
- glomerular capillary thrombosis
- hyperactivity
- hyperlipidemia
- hypersecretion of corticosterone
- hypopituitarism
- impaired glucose tolerance
- impaired muscle relaxation
- impaired olfaction
- increased B cell number
- increased CD4-positive alpha beta T cell number
- increased IgM level
- increased T-helper 2 cell number
- increased airway resistance
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level
- increased anxiety-related response
- increased autoantibody level
- increased bone mineral density
- increased bone trabecula number
- increased cardiac output
- increased cardiac stroke volume
- increased cholesterol efflux
- increased circulating VLDL cholesterol level
- increased circulating VLDL triglyceride level
- increased circulating corticosterone level
- increased circulating phospholipid level
- increased compact bone thickness
- increased fluid intake
- increased food intake
- increased heart weight
- increased immunoglobulin level
- increased interleukin-6 secretion
- increased lung compliance
- increased marginal zone B cell number
- increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- increased prostaglandin level
- increased spleen weight
- increased startle reflex
- increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis
- increased susceptibility to parasitic infection
- increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus
- increased susceptibility to weight gain
- increased thigmotaxis
- increased triglyceride level
- increased tumor necrosis factor secretion
- kidney microaneurysm
- lung inflammation
- mesangiolysis
- organ of Corti degeneration
- oxidative stress
- premature death
- renal glomerulus lipidosis
- retinal degeneration
- retinal neovascularization
- retinal pigment epithelium atrophy
- skin lesions
- spiral modiolar artery stenosis
- thin retinal inner nuclear layer
- thin retinal outer nuclear layer
- vascular inflammation
- vascular stenosis
- xanthoma
role in cell
- expression in
- fragmentation in
- apoptosis
- phosphorylation in
- activation in
- cell death
- production in
- proliferation
- generation in
- morphology
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- soluble fraction
- Golgi-enriched fraction
- lipid-rich fraction
- glutaminergic synapse
- endocytic vesicle membrane
- extracellular vesicles
- Cytoplasm
- perinuclear Golgi regions
- cell surface
- intracellular space
- perinuclear region
- organelle lumens
- membrane surface
- cellular membrane
- Nucleus
- Plasma Membrane
- endosomes
- vesicles
- Golgi Apparatus
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- microtubules
- lipid droplets
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- granular components
- Golgi membrane
- pre-lysosomal compartments
- nuclear envelope
- growth cone
- synapse
- recycling endosomes
- early endosomes
- late endosomes
- cytoplasmic vesicles
- melanosomes
- extracellular matrix
- membrane rafts
- perikaryon
- dendrites
- sorting endosomes
- Golgi vesicles
- exosomes
- plasma
- lipoprotein vesicles
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the mouse Apoe gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process
- locomotory exploration behavior
- cytoskeleton organization
- positive regulation of endocytosis
- negative regulation of blood coagulation
- triglyceride metabolic process
- acylglycerol homeostasis
- regulation of protein metabolic process
- long-chain fatty acid transport
- positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
- negative regulation of neuron projection development
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity
- positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor catabolic process
- positive regulation of neuron projection development
- triglyceride homeostasis
- regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction
- negative regulation of protein metabolic process
- chylomicron remnant clearance
- high-density lipoprotein particle assembly
- G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
- intracellular transport
- regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
- negative regulation of inflammatory response
- high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
- positive regulation of beta-amyloid clearance
- artery morphogenesis
- positive regulation of dendritic spine development
- regulation of apoptotic process
- amyloid precursor protein metabolic process
- response to reactive oxygen species
- receptor-mediated endocytosis
- nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway
- regulation of cholesterol metabolic process
- long-term memory
- negative regulation of gene expression
- melanosome organization
- maintenance of location in cell
- negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
- negative regulation of platelet activation
- gene expression
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
- synaptic transmission, cholinergic
- positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
- negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation
- negative regulation of MAP kinase activity
- high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
- low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
- cholesterol metabolic process
- response to dietary excess
- vasodilation
- lipoprotein biosynthetic process
- lipoprotein catabolic process
- cholesterol homeostasis
- reverse cholesterol transport
- negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation
- intermediate-density lipoprotein particle clearance
- positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
- virion assembly
- lipid transport involved in lipid storage
- triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance
- negative regulation of endothelial cell migration
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle clearance
- positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process
- negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
- negative regulation of protein secretion
- neuron projection development
- fatty acid homeostasis
- regulation of protein complex assembly
- positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
- cellular calcium ion homeostasis
- negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
- alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor clustering
- regulation of axon extension
- cholesterol catabolic process
- regulation of behavioral fear response
- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor clustering
- positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
- regulation of innate immune response
- cholesterol efflux
- negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
- negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process
- protein import
- phospholipid efflux
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- Golgi apparatus
- neuronal cell body
- extracellular region
- dendrite
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- early endosome
- clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- blood microparticle
- extracellular matrix
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle
- chylomicron remnant
- chylomicron
- discoidal high-density lipoprotein particle
- high-density lipoprotein particle
- intermediate-density lipoprotein particle
- low-density lipoprotein particle
- endoplasmic reticulum
- plasma membrane
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- synaptic cleft
- cytoplasm
- melanosome
- endocytic vesicle lumen
- membrane
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- identical protein binding
- protein homodimerization activity
- antioxidant activity
- structural molecule activity
- phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity
- lipid binding
- heparin binding
- protein dimerization activity
- phospholipid binding
- receptor binding
- beta-amyloid binding
- metal chelating activity
- protein binding
- low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
- lipid transporter activity
- tau protein binding
- heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding
- lipoprotein particle binding
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
- enzyme binding