RAC1 Gene Summary
The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | RAC1 |
| Official Name | Rac family small GTPase 1 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9801] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000136238 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | Rac family small GTPase 1 |
| Synonyms | AL023026,D5Ertd559e,MIG5,MRD48,p21-RAC,p21-Rac1,Rac,Rac family small GTPase 1,TC-25 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- effector loop
- Ras family
- enzyme
- effector domain
- Rho insert region
- polybasic region
- Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinase
- basic domain
- Rho (Ras homology) subfamily of Ras-like small GTPases
- P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases
- GTP binding domain-switch II region
- GTP-dependent protein binding
- protein kinase binding
- Small GTPase of the Ras superfamily (ill-defined subfamily)
- small monomeric GTPase
- enzyme binding
- GTPase
- histone deacetylase binding
- protein binding
- prenylation site
- Ras subfamily of RAS small GTPases
- GTP binding
- ATPase binding
- binding protein
- CAAX box
- small GTP-binding protein domain
- GTPase domain
- Rab subfamily of small GTPases
- guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the RAC1 gene plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Signaling
- Apelin Adipocyte Signaling Pathway
- CCR3 Signaling in Eosinophils
- Ephrin A Signaling
- Fc Epsilon RI Signaling
- Fcγ Receptor-mediated Phagocytosis in Macrophages and Monocytes
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling
- IL-3 Signaling
- LPS-stimulated MAPK Signaling
- Macropinocytosis Signaling
- Netrin Signaling
- NGF Signaling
- PAK Signaling
- PEDF Signaling
- Phagosome Maturation
- Reelin Signaling in Neurons
- Regulation of IL-2 Expression in Activated and Anergic T Lymphocytes
- Renal Cell Carcinoma Signaling
- Renin-Angiotensin Signaling
- Role of p14/p19ARF in Tumor Suppression
- Semaphorin Signaling in Neurons
- Virus Entry via Endocytic Pathways
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- hypertension
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- epithelial cancer
- cancer
- hyperplasia
- neoplasia
- Alzheimer disease
- liver cancer
- bradycardia
- tumorigenesis
role in cell
- expression in
- adhesion
- proliferation
- apoptosis
- generation
- degradation in
- phosphorylation in
- uptake in
- binding
- survival
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- caveolae fraction
- postsynaptic density (PSD) fractions
- membrane fraction
- synaptic vesicle membrane
- kinocilia
- glutaminergic synapse
- cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
- Cytoplasm
- cilia
- cell surface
- cell periphery
- intracellular space
- perinuclear region
- postsynaptic region
- intracellular membranes
- cellular membrane
- filamentous network
- cell cortex
- Nucleus
- centrosome
- Mitochondria
- actin filaments
- secretory granule membrane
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- membrane ruffles
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- presynaptic membrane
- postsynaptic membrane
- plasma membrane projections
- Golgi membrane
- trans Golgi network
- endosomal membrane
- dendritic spines
- synaptic vesicles
- growth cone
- neurites
- synapse
- photoreceptor inner segments
- early endosomes
- late endosomes
- perinuclear vesicles
- cytoplasmic vesicles
- membrane rafts
- cellular protrusions
- membrane processes
- cell membrane leading edge
- perikaryon
- axons
- presynaptic terminals
- clathrin-coated vesicles
- lamellipodia
- phagocytic cups
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the RAC1 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
biological PROCESS
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- Rac protein signal transduction
- cell projection assembly
- regulation of stress fiber assembly
- actin filament organization
- sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway
- cell chemotaxis
- cortical cytoskeleton organization
- inflammatory response
- positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
- positive regulation of microtubule polymerization
- intracellular signal transduction
- positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly
- regulation of lamellipodium assembly
- small GTPase mediated signal transduction
- positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis
- respiratory burst
- positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
- hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway
- ruffle assembly
- positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly
- regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization
- positive regulation of stress fiber assembly
- regulation of cell migration
- semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway
- regulation of cell shape
- positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction
- motor axon guidance
- regulation of respiratory burst
- regulation of cell size
- response to wounding
- anatomical structure morphogenesis
- cell adhesion
- regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
- neuron migration
- negative regulation of interleukin-23 production
- substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading
- Wnt receptor signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway
- regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process
- localization within membrane
- negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
- positive regulation of endothelial cell migration
- cell migration
- cell-matrix adhesion
- establishment or maintenance of cell polarity
- actin filament polymerization
- engulfment of apoptotic cell
- cell motility
- ruffle organization
- positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
- lamellipodium assembly
- negative regulation of fibroblast migration
- actin cytoskeleton organization
cellular COMPONENT
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- actin filament
- plasma membrane
- endoplasmic reticulum membrane
- secretory granule membrane
- nucleus
- trans-Golgi network
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- cytoskeleton
- NADPH oxidase complex
- focal adhesion
- melanosome
- cytoplasm
- cell cortex
- dendritic spine
- membrane
- cytosol
- ruffle membrane
- cytoplasmic vesicle
- recycling endosome membrane
- lamellipodium
molecular FUNCTION
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- GTP binding
- protein kinase binding
- protein binding
- Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding
- GTPase activity
- small monomeric GTPase activity
- thioesterase binding
- enzyme binding