RARB Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes retinoic acid receptor beta, a member of the thyroid-steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcriptional regulators. This receptor localizes to the cytoplasm and to subnuclear compartments. It binds retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A which mediates cellular signalling in embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. It is thought that this protein limits growth of many cell types by regulating gene expression. The gene was first identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma where it flanks a hepatitis B virus integration site. Alternate promoter usage and differential splicing result in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | RARB |
| Official Name | retinoic acid receptor beta [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9865] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000077092 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | retinoic acid receptor beta |
| Synonyms | A830025K23, beta RAR, HAP, LOC100130354, LOC101927874, LOC51036, LOC684994, MCOPS12, NR1B2, RARbeta, RAR-epsilon, Rar β, RAR-ε, retinoic acid receptor beta, retinoic acid receptor, beta, retinoic acid receptor β, retinoic acid receptor, β, RRB2, β RAR |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human RARB often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- DNA binding domain
- DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers
- A/B region
- alpha helix
- transcription activation domain
- AF-2 transcription activation domain
- protein binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- nuclear receptor ligand binding domain
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
- binding protein
- ligand-binding domain
- double-stranded DNA binding
- ligand-dependent nuclear receptor
- retinoid X receptor binding
- Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor
- transcription factor activity
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the RARB gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- schizophrenia
- insomnia
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- HIV infection
- open-angle glaucoma
- head and neck cancer
- breast cancer
- glaucoma
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- neoplasia
role in cell
- growth
- morphology
- quantity
- phosphorylation in
- expression in
- apoptosis
- number
- migration
- invasion by
- proliferation
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- Cytoplasm
- cytosol
- nucleoplasm
- chromatin
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human RARB gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- multicellular organism growth
- signal transduction
- neural precursor cell proliferation
- ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation
- neurogenesis
- striatum development
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- glandular epithelial cell development
- hormone-mediated signaling pathway
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway
- embryonic digestive tract development
- embryonic eye morphogenesis
- ureteric bud development
- growth plate cartilage development
- negative regulation of stem cell proliferation
- apoptotic process
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- stem cell proliferation
- cell differentiation
- regulation of myelination
- negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation
- embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- DNA binding
- zinc ion binding
- ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- retinoid X receptor binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity