GDF11 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. This protein plays a role in the development of the nervous and other organ systems, and may regulate aging. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | GDF11 |
| Official Name | growth differentiation factor 11 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:4216] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000135414 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | growth differentiation factor 11 |
| Synonyms | BMP-11, growth differentiation factor 11, VHO |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human GDF11 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- TGF_beta_SF
- Transforming growth factor beta like domain
- protein binding
- growth factor
- TGF-beta propeptide
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- hyperplasia
- myelodysplastic syndrome with ring sideroblasts
- beta thalassemia
- post essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis
- myelodysplastic syndrome
- post polycythemia vera myelofibrosis
- primary myelofibrosis
- collagen-induced arthritis
- beta-thalassemia major
- cleft palate
role in cell
- quantity
- expression in
- phosphorylation in
- production in
- cell viability
- proliferation
- accumulation
- growth
- apoptosis
- number
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- nucleoplasm
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human GDF11 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- cell proliferation
- amacrine cell differentiation
- negative regulation of cell proliferation
- SMAD protein signal transduction
- palate development
- mesoderm development
- nervous system development
- spinal cord anterior/posterior patterning
- activin receptor signaling pathway
- type B pancreatic cell maturation
- camera-type eye morphogenesis
- skeletal system development
- metanephros development
- ureteric bud development
- positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- extracellular space
- intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
- macromolecular complex
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- growth factor activity
- protein binding
- cytokine activity