SNCA Gene Summary [Human]
Alpha-synuclein is a member of the synuclein family, which also includes beta- and gamma-synuclein. Synucleins are abundantly expressed in the brain and alpha- and beta-synuclein inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. SNCA may serve to integrate presynaptic signaling and membrane trafficking. Defects in SNCA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. SNCA peptides are a major component of amyloid plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | SNCA |
| Official Name | synuclein alpha [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:11138] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000145335 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | synuclein alpha, non A4 component of amyloid precursor, alpha-synuclein, α-synuclein |
| Synonyms | AD AMYLOID, alphaSYN, alpha SYNUCLEIN, ASYN, NACP, PARK1, PARK4, PD1, synuclein alpha, synuclein, alpha, Synuclein-α, synuclein, α, α-Syn, α SYNUCLEIN |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human SNCA often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- SNARE binding
- Hsp70 protein binding
- caspase inhibitor activity
- enzyme inhibitor activity
- phosphoprotein binding
- enzyme
- identical protein binding
- copper ion binding
- zinc ion binding
- tau protein binding
- actin binding
- alpha-tubulin binding
- Synuclein
- ferrous iron binding
- beta-tubulin binding
- phospholipid binding
- histone binding
- non-amyloid beta component domain
- lipid binding
- nucleic acid binding
- oxidoreductase
- protein kinase inhibitor activity
- enzyme binding
- C-terminal acidic domain
- calcium ion binding
- arachidonic acid binding
- protein domain specific binding
- protein binding
- magnesium ion binding
- phospholipid binding domain
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- acidic domain
- kinesin binding
- phosphorylation site
- microtubule binding
- cysteine protease inhibitor activity
- binding protein
- double-stranded DNA binding
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the SNCA gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- insulin resistance
- schizophrenia
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- neoplasia
- motor dysfunction
- rheumatoid arthritis
- breast adenocarcinoma
- familial Parkinson disease
- Parkinson disease
- infarction
role in cell
- binding in
- binding
- expression in
- quantity
- proliferation
- cell viability
- growth
- cell death
- activation in
- deposition
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Cytoplasm
- microsomal fraction
- soluble fraction
- detergent-insoluble fractions
- membrane fraction
- lipid droplet surface
- synaptic vesicle membrane
- cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
- cytoskeleton
- presynaptic regions
- cell surface
- Extracellular Space
- intracellular space
- somatodendritic region
- perinuclear region
- cellular membrane
- actin cytoskeleton
- cell cortex
- ribosome
- Nucleus
- Plasma Membrane
- vesicles
- lysosome
- acidic vesicular organelle
- Mitochondria
- microtubules
- cytoplasmic aggregates
- cytosol
- membrane ruffles
- mitochondrial matrix
- mitochondrial outer membrane
- mitochondrial inner membrane
- endosomal membrane
- outer nuclear membrane
- alpha granules
- synaptic vesicles
- growth cone
- neurites
- dendrite initial segments
- synaptosomes
- synapse
- autophagic vacuoles
- perikaryon
- axons
- dendrites
- axon terminals
- presynaptic terminals
- clathrin-coated vesicles
- lipoprotein vesicles
- detergent-soluble fraction
- synaptosomal fractions
- cytosolic fraction
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human SNCA gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- dopamine biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of endocytosis
- adult locomotory behavior
- phospholipid metabolic process
- mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport
- negative regulation of exocytosis
- positive regulation of exocytosis
- neutral lipid metabolic process
- negative regulation of monooxygenase activity
- synaptic vesicle transport
- synaptic vesicle endocytosis
- regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
- regulation of macrophage activation
- negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
- long-term synaptic potentiation
- activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
- neuron apoptotic process
- negative regulation of microtubule polymerization
- positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
- regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
- synapse organization
- response to interferon-gamma
- positive regulation of inflammatory response
- synaptic transmission
- synaptic vesicle priming
- positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
- response to interleukin-1
- positive regulation of SNARE complex assembly
- receptor internalization
- negative regulation of serotonin uptake
- regulation of glutamate secretion
- calcium ion homeostasis
- regulation of locomotion
- response to iron(II) ion
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- cellular response to copper ion
- negative regulation of protein kinase activity
- negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- regulation of norepinephrine uptake
- negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
- dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission
- cellular response to epinephrine stimulus
- positive regulation of receptor recycling
- protein tetramerization
- regulation of phospholipase activity
- response to magnesium ion
- regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
- synaptic vesicle exocytosis
- negative regulation of norepinephrine uptake
- regulation of dopamine secretion
- SNARE complex assembly
- regulation of transmembrane transporter activity
- positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
- positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process
- fatty acid metabolic process
- mitochondrial membrane organization
- protein destabilization
- microglial cell activation
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of apoptotic process
- negative regulation of thrombin receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of transporter activity
- cellular response to oxidative stress
- response to lipopolysaccharide
- positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
- negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- platelet alpha granule membrane
- neuronal cell body
- extracellular region
- plasma membrane
- axon terminus
- lysosome
- growth cone
- nucleus
- extracellular space
- perinuclear region of cytoplasm
- cytoplasm
- cell cortex
- mitochondrion
- membrane
- actin cytoskeleton
- cytosol
- macromolecular complex
- synaptic vesicle membrane
- inclusion body
- axon
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- lipid binding
- phospholipase D inhibitor activity
- cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process
- protein kinase inhibitor activity
- magnesium ion binding
- fatty acid binding
- copper ion binding
- oxidoreductase activity
- calcium ion binding
- dynein complex binding
- binding, bridging
- Hsp70 protein binding
- identical protein binding
- zinc ion binding
- ferrous iron binding
- alpha-tubulin binding
- SNARE binding
- phospholipid binding
- protein binding
- actin binding
- histone binding
- tau protein binding
- kinesin binding
- phosphoprotein binding