PPARD Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. The encoded protein is thought to function as an integrator of transcriptional repression and nuclear receptor signaling. It may inhibit the ligand-induced transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors alpha and gamma, though evidence for this effect is inconsistent. Expression of this gene in colorectal cancer cells may be variable but is typically relatively low. Knockout studies in mice suggested a role for this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, differentiation, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | PPARD |
| Official Name | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9235] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000112033 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta |
| Synonyms | FAAR, NR1C2, NUC-1, NUCI, NUCII, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor δ, PPARB, PPAR[b], Pparb/d, PPAR-beta, PPAR beta/delta, PPAR-delta, PPAR-β, PPAR β/delta, PPAR β/δ, PPAR-δ |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human PPARD often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- lipid binding
- A-B domain
- steroid hormone receptor
- DNA binding domain
- fatty acid binding
- DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers
- NF-kappaB binding
- transcription factor binding
- protein binding
- enzyme activator activity
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- nuclear receptor ligand binding domain
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
- RXRalpha binding domain
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional repressor activity
- double-stranded DNA binding
- ligand-binding domain
- ligand-dependent nuclear receptor
- hinge domain
- Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor
- transcription factor activity
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the PPARD gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- obesity
- heart failure
- HIV infection
- neoplasia
- metastasis
- epithelial cancer
- epithelial neoplasia
- cancer
- hepatic steatosis
- benign neoplasia
role in cell
- migration
- apoptosis
- number
- cell viability
- expression in
- production in
- cell death
- proliferation
- fragmentation in
- quantity
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- perinuclear region
- nucleoplasm
- chromatin
- postsynaptic density
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human PPARD gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- cell proliferation
- cholesterol metabolic process
- positive regulation of fat cell differentiation
- apoptotic signaling pathway
- decidualization
- axon ensheathment
- glucose metabolic process
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
- positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
- hormone-mediated signaling pathway
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- fatty acid beta-oxidation
- wound healing
- protein kinase B signaling cascade
- fatty acid transport
- negative regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- fat cell proliferation
- apoptotic process
- positive regulation of fat cell proliferation
- energy homeostasis
- cellular response to hypoxia
- keratinocyte migration
- intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway
- fatty acid catabolic process
- generation of precursor metabolites and energy
- keratinocyte proliferation
- negative regulation of inflammatory response
- fatty acid metabolic process
- embryo implantation
- positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration
- regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- adipose tissue development
- cellular response to nutrient levels
- negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
- positive regulation of gene expression
- lipid metabolic process
- negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
- cell differentiation
- positive regulation of myoblast proliferation
- negative regulation of cholesterol storage
- cell-substrate adhesion
- regulation of satellite cell proliferation
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- zinc ion binding
- linoleic acid binding
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- lipid binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
- sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- transcription coactivator binding
- DNA binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- protein binding
- ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- steroid hormone receptor activity