APOA2 Gene Summary [Human]
This gene encodes apolipoprotein (apo-) A-II, which is the second most abundant protein of the high density lipoprotein particles. The protein is found in plasma as a monomer, homodimer, or heterodimer with apolipoprotein D. Defects in this gene may result in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Retained Intron |
| Official Symbol | APOA2 |
| Official Name | apolipoprotein A2 [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:601] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000158874 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | apolipoprotein A2 |
| Synonyms | A2, Alp-2, APOAII, APOLIPOPROTEIN A2, apolipoprotein A-II, Hdl-1 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human APOA2 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- phospholipid binding
- cholesterol binding
- lipid binding
- heat shock protein binding
- enzyme inhibitor activity
- high-density lipoprotein binding
- enzyme binding
- protein binding
- receptor binding
- enzyme activator activity
- lipid transporter
- binding protein
- protein homodimerization
- receptor agonist activity
- Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II)
- protein heterodimerization
- transporter
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the APOA2 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Acute Phase Response Signaling
- Atherosclerosis Signaling
- Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis Signaling
- FXR/RXR Activation
- IL-12 Signaling and Production in Macrophages
- LXR/RXR Activation
- Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) Signaling
- PPARα/RXRα Activation
- Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Macrophages
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- liver cancer
- COVID-19
- apolipoprotein A-II deficiency
- hepatitis
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- Alzheimer disease
- alcoholism
- cirrhosis
- amyloidosis
- liver cirrhosis
role in cell
- expression in
- degradation in
- assembly
- binding
- phagocytosis by
- phagocytosis in
- cell division
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Extracellular Space
- Cytoplasm
- cell surface
- cellular membrane
- cytosol
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- early endosomes
- cytoplasmic vesicles
- plasma
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human APOA2 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle remodeling
- response to estrogen stimulus
- high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
- low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
- phospholipid catabolic process
- cholesterol metabolic process
- triglyceride metabolic process
- lipoprotein metabolic process
- response to xenobiotic stimulus
- cholesterol homeostasis
- negative regulation of cholesterol import
- diacylglycerol catabolic process
- response to glucose stimulus
- reverse cholesterol transport
- response to glucocorticoid stimulus
- negative regulation of lipase activity
- protein oxidation
- negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
- cholesterol transport
- regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption
- negative regulation of lipid catabolic process
- positive regulation of lipid catabolic process
- negative regulation of cholesterol transporter activity
- high-density lipoprotein particle assembly
- high-density lipoprotein particle clearance
- phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process
- positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
- regulation of protein stability
- negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling
- cholesterol efflux
- negative regulation of cholesterol transport
- organ regeneration
- protein stabilization
- positive regulation of phagocytosis
- peptidyl-methionine modification
- phospholipid efflux
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- very-low-density lipoprotein particle
- endoplasmic reticulum lumen
- early endosome
- chylomicron
- extracellular vesicular exosome
- high-density lipoprotein particle
- blood microparticle
- cytosol
- spherical high-density lipoprotein particle
- extracellular region
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- heat shock protein binding
- protein homodimerization activity
- cholesterol binding
- phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity
- lipid binding
- high-density lipoprotein particle binding
- phospholipid binding
- receptor binding
- apolipoprotein receptor binding
- protein binding
- lipid transporter activity
- protein heterodimerization activity
- lipase inhibitor activity
- phosphatidylcholine binding
- high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding
- enzyme binding