CD28 Gene Summary [Human]
The protein encoded by this gene is essential for T-cell proliferation and survival, cytokine production, and T-helper type-2 development. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | CD28 |
| Official Name | CD28 molecule [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:1653] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000178562 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | CD28 molecule, T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein |
| Synonyms | CD28 ANTIGEN, CD28I, CD28 molecule, CD28RNA, IMD123, LOC100048845, Tp44 |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
| Orthologies |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains in human CD28 often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- PI3K binding domain
- costimulatory domain
- met-tyr-pro-pro-pro-tyr motif
- identical protein binding
- proline rich domain
- cytoplasmic domain
- intracellular domain
- immunoglobulin-like protein domain
- membrane-proximal domain
- transmembrane receptor
- Immunoglobulin V-set domain
- coreceptor
- extracellular domain
- endodomain
- protein kinase binding
- YXXM motif
- PYAP motif
- Immunoglobulin V-Type
- immunoglobulin domain
- lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase binding domain
- protein binding
- Src-homology 2 binding domain
- ICOS V-set domain
- PxxPP motif
- transmembrane domain
- signaling domain
- cytosolic tail domain
- PXXP motif
- YMNM motif
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the CD28 gene in human plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
- Allograft Rejection Signaling
- Altered T Cell and B Cell Signaling in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Antiproliferative Role of TOB in T Cell Signaling
- Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Signaling
- CD28 Signaling in T Helper Cells
- Communication between Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells
- Crosstalk between Dendritic Cells and Natural Killer Cells
- CTLA4 Signaling in Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
- Graft-versus-Host Disease Signaling
- iCOS-iCOSL Signaling in T Helper Cells
- Nur77 Signaling in T Lymphocytes
- PKCθ Signaling in T Lymphocytes
- Regulation of IL-2 Expression in Activated and Anergic T Lymphocytes
- Role of NFAT in Regulation of the Immune Response
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Signaling
- T Cell Receptor Signaling
- T Helper Cell Differentiation
- Th1 and Th2 Activation Pathway
- Th1 Pathway
- Th2 Pathway
- Type I Diabetes Mellitus Signaling
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
disease
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- nephrosis
- experimental autoimmune neuritis
- asthma
- neoplasia
- fibrosis
- hyperplasia
- early-onset preeclampsia
- diabetes mellitus
- graft-vs-host disease
role in cell
- expression in
- production in
- apoptosis
- formation
- killing
- cell death
- phosphorylation in
- activation in
- quantity
- degradation in
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Plasma Membrane
- raft fractions
- soluble fraction
- detergent-insoluble fractions
- cell surface
- perinuclear region
- membrane surface
- cellular membrane
- immunological synapses
- cytosol
- plasma membrane extracellular face
- membrane rafts
- perikaryon
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the human CD28 gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
Biological Process
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- positive regulation of translation
- T cell activation
- transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation
- apoptotic signaling pathway
- positive regulation of mitosis
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- protein kinase B signaling cascade
- CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
- humoral immune response
- positive regulation of viral genome replication
- T cell receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of interleukin-2 production
- T cell costimulation
- cell surface receptor signaling pathway
- positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes
- positive regulation of T cell proliferation
- negative regulation of gene expression
- positive regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
- negative regulation of apoptotic process
- positive regulation of gene expression
- regulatory T cell differentiation
- positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
- negative thymic T cell selection
- positive regulation of cytokine production
- positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
- positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
Cellular Component
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- external side of plasma membrane
- cytosol
- plasma membrane
- immunological synapse
- cell surface
Molecular Function
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- coreceptor activity
- protein kinase binding
- identical protein binding
- protein binding