PPARA
PPARA Gene Summary
Peroxisome proliferators include hypolipidemic drugs, herbicides, leukotriene antagonists, and plasticizers; this term arises because they induce an increase in the size and number of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in plants and animals that contain enzymes for respiration and for cholesterol and lipid metabolism. The action of peroxisome proliferators is thought to be mediated via specific receptors, called PPARs, which belong to the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. PPARs affect the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation, cell differentiation and in immune and inflammation responses. Three closely related subtypes (alpha, beta/delta, and gamma) have been identified. This gene encodes the subtype PPAR-alpha, which is a nuclear transcription factor. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene, although the full-length nature of only two has been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Details
| Type | Protein Coding |
| Official Symbol | PPARA |
| Official Name | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:9232] |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000186951 |
| Bio databases IDs | |
| Aliases | peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha |
| Synonyms | 4933429D07Rik,AI118064,AW742785,hPPAR,MGC2452,NR1C1,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α,PPAR,PPAR alpha,PPAR α |
| Species | Human, Homo sapiens |
Protein Domains
A protein domain is a distinct structural or functional region within a protein that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. These domains often fold into stable, three-dimensional structures and are associated with specific biological functions, such as binding to DNA, other proteins, or small molecules.
- PKC phosphorylation site
- transcription regulator
- A-B domain
- steroid hormone receptor
- A/B region
- DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers
- transcription factor binding
- AF-2 transcription activation domain
- H helix
- RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding
- nuclear receptor ligand binding domain
- AF-1 domain
- ligand-binding domain
- A domain of PPARalpha
- ligand-dependent nuclear receptor
- B domain of PPARalpha
- phosphatase binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional activator activity
- lipid binding
- protein kinase binding
- signaling receptor activity
- DNA binding domain
- nucleic acid binding
- C domain of PPAR-alpha
- enzyme binding
- helical domain
- protein domain specific binding
- protein binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- DNA binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific binding transcriptional repressor activity
- binding protein
- double-stranded DNA binding
- hinge domain
- zinc finger domain
- Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor
- transcription factor activity
Pathways
Biological processes and signaling networks where the PPARA gene plays a role, providing insight into its function and relevance in health or disease.
Top Findings
The most significant associations for this gene, including commonly observed domains, pathway involvement, and functional highlights based on current data.
binds
- RXRA
- NR1I3
- HSD17B4
- clofibrate
- RXR
- DUT
- NR1H4
- NCOR1
- IGFBP2
- NR1D1
disease
- diabetes mellitus
- keratoconjunctivitis sicca
- non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- biliary tract cancer
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- neoplasia
- liver cancer
- epithelial cancer
- Huntington disease
- epithelial neoplasia
regulated by
- TFAM
- palmitic acid
- tributyltin
- mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
- lipopolysaccharide
- FOXA2
- cerivastatin
- isohumulone
- PNPLA2
- RXRA
regulates
- SLC2A4
- reactive oxygen species
- CCND1
- STAT3
- AKT
- IL1B
- MYC
- NOS2
- JUN
- CCL2
role in cell
- function
- expression in
- proliferation
- apoptosis
- cell death
- growth
- quantity
- production in
- size
- induction
Subcellular Expression
Locations within the cell where the protein is known or predicted to be active, providing insight into its function and cellular context.
- Nucleus
- nuclear fraction
- Cytoplasm
- perinuclear region
- cytosol
- nuclear foci
- nucleoplasm
- chromatin
Gene Ontology Annotations
Describes the biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions associated with the PPARA gene, providing context for its role in the cell.
BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Functions and activities the gene product is involved in
- negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development
- negative regulation of appetite
- positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process
- epidermis development
- negative regulation of glycolysis
- negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response
- lipoprotein metabolic process
- regulation of circadian rhythm
- positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway
- positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
- positive regulation of gluconeogenesis
- hormone-mediated signaling pathway
- negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
- heart development
- response to ethanol
- circadian regulation of gene expression
- wound healing
- response to insulin stimulus
- response to hypoxia
- enamel mineralization
- positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation
- cellular response to fructose stimulus
- positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
- intracellular receptor mediated signaling pathway
- gluconeogenesis
- regulation of fatty acid transport
- negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride
- behavioral response to nicotine
- positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation
- negative regulation of receptor activity
- negative regulation of inflammatory response
- negative regulation of blood pressure
- response to nutrient
- cellular response to starvation
- nitric oxide metabolic process
- fatty acid metabolic process
- positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
- cell differentiation
- negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
- negative regulation of cholesterol storage
- regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process
- negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
- negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade
- regulation of fatty acid metabolic process
CELLULAR COMPONENT
Where in the cell the gene product is active
- nucleus
- chromatin
- nucleoplasm
MOLECULAR FUNCTION
What the gene product does at the molecular level
- phosphatase binding
- zinc ion binding
- protein domain specific binding
- RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding
- lipid binding
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
- RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in negative regulation of transcription
- sequence-specific DNA binding bacterial-type RNA polymerase transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription
- sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- transcription coactivator binding
- DNA binding
- ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding
- sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
- protein binding
- ligand-activated sequence-specific DNA binding RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity
- steroid hormone receptor activity
- mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding
- NFAT protein binding